Scaffolding and Formwork Glossary

Scaffold / scaffolding

Turkish: İskele Turkish site terms: iş iskelesi, çalışma iskelesi

A temporary, demountable structure that either gives workers and materials a safe place to work at height or carries a load such as wet concrete during construction, maintenance or repair. By purpose, scaffolds fall into two broad groups: working scaffolds (facade, interior, mobile) and load-bearing scaffolds (falsework/shoring).

Related page: Facade Scaffolding Systems

Facade scaffold

Turkish: Cephe iskelesi Turkish site terms: dış cephe iskelesi, bina iskelesi

A working scaffold erected along a building face, with a working platform, guardrails and toe boards at each lift, and tied back to the structure with anchors. It is used for rendering, insulation, painting, cladding and window installation. In Turkey, prefabricated facade scaffolds used on construction sites must hold a certificate of conformity to TS EN 12810-1.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding, Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 1 (Official Gazette 31.12.2018, No. 30642)

Falsework / shoring (slab shoring, load-bearing tower)

Turkish: Kalıp iskelesi (kalıp altı iskele) Turkish site terms: kalıp altı iskele, döşeme altı iskele, taşıyıcı iskele

A temporary load-bearing structure that carries formwork, wet concrete and construction loads down to the ground until the slab or beam can carry itself. It can be built from steel props or from frame, sleeve-connected, cuplock or ringlock towers. Unlike a working scaffold, its main job is to carry load rather than to provide a workplace.

Related page: Props and Shoring Systems Source: TS EN 12812 (falsework), TS EN 12813 (load-bearing towers of prefabricated components)

Formwork

Turkish: Kalıp Turkish site terms: beton kalıbı

The temporary mould that gives fresh concrete its shape and holds it in place until it hardens. It consists of a facing in contact with the concrete (plywood, steel sheet or polymer board) and the beams, walers and connectors behind it. Vertical formwork (walls, columns) resists lateral concrete pressure with ties and push-pull props; horizontal formwork (slabs) passes vertical load to the falsework below.

Related page: Wall and Column Formwork

System scaffold / modular scaffold

Turkish: Modüler iskele (sistem iskele) Turkish site terms: sistem iskele, hazır iskele, ön yapımlı iskele

A scaffold made of factory-made components of fixed lengths with the connection points built in (rosettes, cups, sleeves or frames). Compared with tube-and-clamp scaffolding it uses fewer loose parts and goes up faster and more consistently. Its load capacity relies on a fixed component layout verified by the manufacturer through calculation and testing.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Bay (bay length)

Turkish: Göz (açıklık) Turkish site terms: açıklık, aks, boy

The distance between two adjacent standards (or frames) along the facade. Ledgers, decks and toe boards are chosen to match the bay length. Our Safescaff system offers standard bay lengths of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 m.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding

Erection, use and dismantling plan (scaffold plan)

Turkish: Kurulum planı (kurma, kullanma ve sökme planı) Turkish site terms: iskele projesi, montaj planı

A written plan describing how a scaffold will be erected, used and taken down. Under Turkish regulations it must at least cover load, height and width classes; the tie pattern; site conditions such as ground, traffic and power lines; the erection and dismantling sequence; hazards and control measures; and emergency rescue. We prepare the erection plan, section drawing and tie layout for the scaffolds we sell or rent out.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 6-7; Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in the Use of Work Equipment Annex II 4.3.2

Structural calculation (structural design check)

Turkish: Statik hesap Turkish site terms: statik proje, hesap raporu

An engineering calculation showing that a scaffold or formwork system can safely carry the expected loads: self-weight, working load, wind and concrete. Turkish regulations require strength and stability calculations to be obtained from the manufacturer or carried out, and forbid the use of any scaffold not shown to be safe. Our facade scaffolds come with standard layouts up to 24.00 m; for taller or non-standard set-ups we carry out a project-specific structural calculation.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 5

Hot-dip galvanizing

Turkish: Sıcak daldırma galvaniz Turkish site terms: galvaniz, sıcak galvaniz

A process in which a steel part is dipped into a bath of molten zinc at around 450 °C so that it is coated inside and out. The coating protects the steel against moisture, rain and marine air for many years and is far thicker than electro-galvanizing or paint. All components of our facade scaffolds are hot-dip galvanized to TS EN ISO 1461.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: TS EN ISO 1461 (hot-dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles)

Fresh concrete pressure (formwork pressure)

Turkish: Taze beton basıncı Turkish site terms: beton basıncı, kalıp basıncı

The horizontal pressure that fresh, unhardened concrete exerts on vertical formwork, expressed in kN/m². For fully fluid concrete the upper limit is hydrostatic (roughly concrete unit weight × pour height); the actual value depends on rate of placement, consistency, temperature and vibration. Our panel systems are rated for 40 kN/m² (Lightform) and 80 kN/m² (Maxiform) as standard.

Related page: Maxiform Heavy Duty Panel Formwork, Lightform Lightweight Panel Formwork

Standard (vertical)

Turkish: Dikey eleman (dikme) Turkish site terms: dikme, dikey, direk, ayak

The vertical tube that carries the scaffold's load down to the ground; in system scaffolds the connection points (rosettes, cups) are welded on at the factory. A spigot at the top lets standards be stacked to gain height. Ringscaff standards are made from Ø48.3 × 3.00 mm tube in lengths of 0.50-3.00 m, with a rosette every 50 cm.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Rosette (ring, disc)

Turkish: Flanş (rozet) Turkish site terms: rozet, halka, disk, papatya

In ringlock (allround-type) scaffolding, the perforated ring-shaped plate welded to the standard at fixed intervals. Ledgers and braces are locked into its holes with a wedge, so members can connect at different angles at a single node. On our Ringscaff system the rosettes are spaced 50 cm apart, each with 8 holes.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Ledger (horizontal)

Turkish: Yatay eleman Turkish site terms: yatay, travers (enine olan), yatay çubuk

The horizontal tube connecting two standards. It forms the scaffold frame and also carries decks and guardrail loads; the short ones running across the scaffold width are usually called transoms. We make them from Ø48 × 2.50 mm tube for Ringscaff and Ø34 × 2.50 mm tube for Safescaff.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Ledger head (wedge head, coupler head)

Turkish: Kurtağzı Turkish site terms: kurt ağzı, kafa, uç başlık

In ringlock scaffolding, the jaw-shaped cast or forged head welded to the end of a ledger or brace, which clamps over the rosette from above and below. The head is seated on the rosette and its wedge is driven through the hole with a hammer to lock the joint. The Turkish site name "kurtağzı" ("wolf's mouth") comes from its open-jaw shape; Ringscaff ledgers use this type of head. On cuplock scaffolds the ledger end is a different part, the ledger blade.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Wedge

Turkish: Kama Turkish site terms: kama pimi

The steel wedge attached to the ledger head that is hammered through the rosette hole to tighten the joint and stop it from working loose. A hammer blow is all it takes; no bolts or nuts are needed. Because the wedge is captive in the head, it does not get lost on site.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Diagonal brace

Turkish: Çapraz eleman Turkish site terms: çapraz, diyagonal, kuşaklama

A member fitted diagonally across a bay to stop the scaffold from swaying or racking into a parallelogram. Turkish regulations require the structure to be braced with enough diagonals as specified by the manufacturer. We make Ringscaff and Safescaff braces from Ø42 × 2.50 mm tube.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 24

H frame (scaffold frame)

Turkish: H çerçeve (pano) Turkish site terms: pano, çerçeve, H pano

A ready-made scaffold frame consisting of two vertical tubes and a horizontal tube welded together into an H shape. Frames are stacked on top of each other and tied with ledgers and braces, which makes facade scaffolding on flat elevations very fast. Safescaff H frames are made from Ø48.3 × 3.00 mm tube and are 2.00 m high.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding

Base collar (starter) / base frame

Turkish: Başlangıç elemanı Turkish site terms: başlangıç, başlangıç çerçevesi

A short single-rosette tube fitted between the base jack and the first standard (ringlock) or the first row of frames (H-frame system). It lets the first ledgers be connected close to the ground and helps start the scaffold level. Safescaff offers starter frames in different heights for sloping ground.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Base jack (screw jack, adjustable base plate)

Turkish: Alt ayar mili Turkish site terms: ayar mili, vidalı ayak, kriko, ayarlı taban

An adjustable foot made of a base plate, threaded spindle and nut, placed at the bottom of the scaffold. It takes up differences in ground level so the scaffold stands plumb and level. Turkish regulations require adjustable base plates to offer at least 20 cm of adjustment and a plate area of at least 150 cm²; the 60 cm base jack used with our facade scaffolds can be extended to a maximum of 45 cm.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 16

Base plate and sole board

Turkish: Taban plakası ve altlık Turkish site terms: taban sacı, ayak sacı, altlık kalası

The steel plate that spreads the load of a standard or base jack into the ground, and the timber sole board placed beneath it on soft ground. Turkish regulations require suitable sole boards under base plates on soft ground and forbid the use of unsound materials as packing.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 16

Steel deck (steel plank, platform)

Turkish: Metal platform Turkish site terms: iskele tahtası, döşeme, platform, sac platform

A perforated, slip-resistant steel working surface that sits on the ledgers or transoms. Hooks at each end engage the ledger so the deck cannot slide off. Turkish regulations require decks to be strong enough for the expected load, slip-resistant and secured, with no gaps between the deck and the standards.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 9

Ladder deck (access deck with hatch)

Turkish: Merdivenli platform Turkish site terms: kapaklı platform, merdivenli döşeme

A deck with a hatch and an attached ladder underneath, letting workers climb safely between lifts inside the scaffold. Turkish regulations require ladder or stair systems for safe access to working platforms. On our facade scaffolds we recommend at least one ladder access on every elevation.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 17

Bracket (side bracket, cantilever bracket)

Turkish: Konsol (iskele konsolu) Turkish site terms: konsol, çıkma

A triangular member attached to the inside or outside of the scaffold to widen the working platform. It is used to reach eaves, balconies and roof edges, or to close the gap between the scaffold and the facade. We make Ringscaff brackets in 50, 70 and 105 cm widths and Safescaff brackets in 35, 70 and 105 cm widths.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

Lattice beam (bridging truss)

Turkish: Geçiş kirişi (kafes kiriş) Turkish site terms: kafes kiriş, köprü kirişi

A steel truss with top and bottom chords joined by diagonals, spanning between two lines of standards to leave a doorway, road or pedestrian passage under the scaffold. It transfers the load of the standards above to those on either side. Used with both Ringscaff and Safescaff.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding

Tie (scaffold tie, wall tie, anchor)

Turkish: Ankraj (iskele ankrajı) Turkish site terms: ankraj, duvar bağlantısı, bağlantı

A connection tying the scaffold to the building to stop it overturning or swaying, usually an anchor bolt with an eye in the wall and a tie tube clamped to the scaffold. Turkish regulations require the lowest tie to be no more than 4 m above the base plate, and more ties to be added for wind when the scaffold is sheeted or netted. The tie pattern is shown in the erection plan.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 12 and 26

Scaffold sheeting / debris netting

Turkish: İskele örtüsü (file, branda) Turkish site terms: iskele filesi, branda, toz filesi

Netting or sheeting fixed to the outside of a scaffold to contain dust, debris and small objects or to give weather protection. Because it greatly increases the area exposed to wind, it significantly raises the load on the scaffold. Turkish regulations require extra ties, according to the manufacturer's instructions and the wind load, whenever a scaffold is sheeted or netted.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 12

Adjustable steel prop (telescopic prop)

Turkish: Teleskopik dikme Turkish site terms: dikme direk, direk, gergi direği, ayarlı dikme

A single, height-adjustable formwork prop made of two steel tubes sliding inside each other. A pin through holes in the inner tube gives coarse adjustment and a threaded collar on the outer tube gives fine adjustment. We manufacture our Proslab props to TS EN 1065 with working lengths of 1.90-5.00 m.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props Source: TS EN 1065

Prop class (e.g. A30, B35)

Turkish: Dikme sınıfı (A30, B35 vb.) Turkish site terms: dikme tipi

One of the five strength classes (A to E) defined in EN 1065 for telescopic props, combined with a number giving the maximum extension. For example, B35 is a class B prop that extends to a maximum of 3.50 m; at the same length a class B prop carries more than a class A prop. Capacity falls as the prop is extended, so a prop class table must always be read against the working length.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props Source: TS EN 1065 (five classes)

Prop tripod (folding tripod)

Turkish: Üç ayak (tripod) Turkish site terms: sehpa, üçayak

A folding three-legged accessory that holds a telescopic prop upright during erection. It stops the prop from falling over until the formwork beams are in place and lets one person work comfortably. Used together with our Proslab props.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props

Top jack (U-head jack)

Turkish: Üst ayar mili Turkish site terms: üst kriko, başlıklı mil

A threaded adjusting spindle fitted on top of a shoring tower, ending in a U-head or four-way head. Together with the base jack it brings the tower exactly to the soffit level. For safe use, at least one third of the spindle length should remain inside the tube.

Related page: Cupframe Cuplock Scaffolding

U-head (fork head)

Turkish: U başlık Turkish site terms: çatal başlık, U kafa

A U-shaped head fitted on top of a jack or prop that cradles a timber or steel beam and stops it from sliding sideways. It is typically used at intermediate points where beams do not overlap. Supplied with our Proslab, Cupframe and Towerframe systems.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props

Four-way head (cross head)

Turkish: Dört yollu başlık Turkish site terms: haç başlık, dört yönlü başlık

A cross-shaped head open in four directions, able to carry the joint of two beams in one direction or a single beam in the other. It is used where primary beams meet end to end. When installing, the wide side of the head must face the direction of the primary beams.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props

Drop head (early-striking head)

Turkish: Düşer başlık Turkish site terms: erken söküm başlığı

A head fitted on a prop or jack that lets the formwork beams and plywood be lowered a few centimetres and removed without disturbing the props. While the prop and the head's top plate keep supporting the slab, the formwork can be moved early to the next pour. Available with our Tableframe system.

Related page: Tableframe Heavy Duty Shoring Tower

Shoring tower (load-bearing tower)

Turkish: Kule (kalıp iskelesi kulesi) Turkish site terms: kule, iskele kulesi

A free-standing shoring unit made of four standards tied together with ledgers and braces. Towers are placed at spacings set by slab thickness. Load-bearing towers built from prefabricated components are covered by EN 12813.

Related page: Towerframe Shoring Frame Source: TS EN 12813

Sleeve (socket connection)

Turkish: Kovan Turkish site terms: geçme, kovanlı bağlantı

A short tube welded to the end of one member so that another member's tube slides into or over it. In sleeve-type shoring, H modules are slotted onto the sleeves of the base frame and connect without wedges or clamps. Our Towerframe uses this connection.

Related page: Towerframe Shoring Frame

Cup (cuplock node)

Turkish: Fincan Turkish site terms: alt fincan, üst fincan, kap

The node of a cuplock scaffold, made up of a fixed bottom cup welded to the standard and a top cup that slides along it. Ledger blades are seated in the bottom cup, then the top cup is pushed down and turned with a hammer to lock up to four members at one point. On Cupframe standards the cups are spaced every 50 cm.

Related page: Cupframe Cuplock Scaffolding

Ledger blade (cuplock ledger end)

Turkish: Badem Turkish site terms: badem uç, yatay ucu

In cuplock scaffolding, the flat, curved end piece welded to each end of a ledger. The blade is seated in the bottom cup on the standard, and the joint is locked when the top cup is lowered over it and turned with a hammer. Its Turkish site name "badem" ("almond") comes from its shape. The ledgers of our Cupframe system use this type of end.

Related page: Cupframe Cuplock Scaffolding

Primary beam (main bearer)

Turkish: Ana mahya Turkish site terms: mahya, ana kiriş, ana taşıyıcı

In slab formwork, the beams that sit directly on the props or tower heads and pass the load of the secondary beams down to them. They are usually H20 timber beams or steel sections. Their spacing is calculated from the slab load and the beam capacity.

Related page: Tableframe Heavy Duty Shoring Tower

Secondary beam (joist)

Turkish: Tali kiriş Turkish site terms: ızgara kirişi, ara kiriş, tali

Beams laid at close spacing across the primary beams, carrying the plywood directly. Their spacing is chosen to limit plywood deflection. In slab formwork they are most often H20 timber beams.

Related page: H20 Timber Beam (HT 20plus)

Table form (flying form)

Turkish: Masa kalıbı Turkish site terms: masa, uçan masa

A large slab formwork unit with beams, plywood and supporting frames pre-assembled, moved from one pour to the next without being stripped down. On repetitive floors it cuts labour and cycle time considerably. Tables of 8-10 m² built with our Tableframe are moved with table trolleys and lifted between floors by crane using a lifting fork.

Related page: Tableframe Heavy Duty Shoring Tower

Re-propping (back-propping)

Turkish: Geri dikme Turkish site terms: destek dikmesi, ara dikme

Installing props again under a slab after the formwork has been struck, until the concrete has gained full strength or the loads from floors above can be carried safely. It shares the load of newly cast upper floors among the young slabs below. The number of props and the striking time should be set out in the design.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props

Wall formwork

Turkish: Perde kalıbı Turkish site terms: perde, duvar kalıbı

Vertical formwork for reinforced concrete walls, in which two opposing form faces are tied together with tie rods. It can be built as panel formwork, timber-beam formwork or steel formwork. It is designed for the fresh concrete pressure and the rate of pour.

Related page: Wall and Column Formwork

Column formwork

Turkish: Kolon kalıbı Turkish site terms: kolon, sütun kalıbı

Vertical formwork for square, rectangular or round columns, with four faces (or two half-shells for round columns) locked together. Because the section is small and the pour is fast, concrete pressure is higher than in walls. Beamform column forms are rated for up to 90 kN/m², and we make Formsteel circular column forms to any required diameter.

Related page: Formsteel Steel Formwork, Beamform Timber Beam Wall Formwork

Panel formwork (framed panel formwork)

Turkish: Panel kalıp Turkish site terms: çerçeveli kalıp, pano kalıp, hazır panel

Wall and column formwork assembled by locking together ready-sized panels, each made of a steel frame with a plywood face. It goes up quickly with few parts and can be reused hundreds of times. Lightform is our lightweight panel system (40 kN/m², can be set by hand) and Maxiform our heavy-duty system (80 kN/m², crane-handled).

Related page: Maxiform Heavy Duty Panel Formwork, Lightform Lightweight Panel Formwork

Timber beam formwork (girder formwork)

Turkish: Ahşap kirişli kalıp Turkish site terms: H20 kalıp, kirişli kalıp

Formwork made by fixing vertical H20 timber beams to horizontal steel walers and facing them with plywood. By changing beam and waler spacing it can be designed for any size and concrete pressure, and it is light to handle. Our Beamform system is built this way.

Related page: Beamform Timber Beam Wall Formwork

H20 timber beam (formwork beam)

Turkish: H20 kiriş Turkish site terms: H20, ahşap kiriş, kalıp kirişi

An engineered timber formwork beam 20 cm deep, with solid timber flanges and a wood-panel web; the "20" in its name is the beam depth. Being light and strong, it is used as secondary and primary beams in slab formwork and as vertical members in wall formwork. The H20 Timber Beam we supply carries its manufacturer's EN 13377 certificate.

Related page: H20 Timber Beam (HT 20plus) Source: EN 13377 (covers formwork beams 16, 20 and 24 cm deep)

Waler (steel waler)

Turkish: Kuşak Turkish site terms: çelik kuşak, yatay kuşak, vale

The steel section running horizontally across the vertical beams of timber-beam formwork, holding them together and transferring concrete pressure to the tie rods. Panels are also joined through the walers using waler connectors and wedges. We produce Beamform walers and connectors at our factory.

Related page: Beamform Timber Beam Wall Formwork

Plywood (film-faced plywood)

Turkish: Plywood Turkish site terms: pleymut, plywut, kontrplak, filmli plywood

A board made by gluing thin wood veneers with their grain at right angles; in formwork it forms the face in contact with concrete. Formwork mostly uses film-faced plywood with a phenolic coating, which reduces water uptake and gives a smoother concrete finish. On Turkish sites it is often called "pleymut".

Related page: Skaform Plastic Slab Formwork

Plastic formwork panel (polymer formwork board)

Turkish: Polimer (plastik) kalıp levhası Turkish site terms: plastik plywood, polimer kalıp

A polymer-based formwork board used in place of plywood, resistant to water and chemicals. It releases from concrete without release agent, holds nails and screws and can be cut and worked like timber. The Skaform boards we supply are of this type.

Related page: Skaform Plastic Slab Formwork

Tie rod (form tie)

Turkish: Tij (tayrot) Turkish site terms: tayrot, ankraj mili, gergi çubuğu, tij çubuğu

A high-strength threaded steel bar that ties the two faces of wall formwork together and carries the fresh concrete pressure. A wing nut and a bearing plate that spreads the load onto the waler are fitted at each end; the bar usually runs through a plastic spacer tube so it can be recovered after the pour. The Turkish site word "tayrot" comes from the English "tie rod".

Related page: Beamform Timber Beam Wall Formwork

Panel clamp (wedge clamp, aligning clamp)

Turkish: Kalıp kilidi Turkish site terms: kilit, pano kilidi, kıskaç

A connector on panel formwork that grips two panel frames and pulls them together and into line in a single action. The adjustable version allows a timber filler between panels so that odd dimensions can be made up. Lightform accepts fillers of 0-15 cm and Maxiform 0-20 cm. (On Turkish sites "kalıp kilidi" can also mean the rebar formwork clamp used on timber forms.)

Related page: Maxiform Heavy Duty Panel Formwork

Push-pull prop (alignment prop, brace)

Turkish: Payanda Turkish site terms: payanda, kalıp payandası, destek

An adjustable inclined prop that connects vertical formwork to the floor and brings it plumb. It keeps the form from overturning under wind and erection loads; it is meant for alignment, not for carrying concrete pressure (single-sided formwork excepted). Concrete should never be placed before the formwork has been plumbed with its props.

Related page: Lightform Lightweight Panel Formwork

Working bracket (formwork bracket, concreting platform)

Turkish: Çalışma konsolu (kalıp konsolu) Turkish site terms: kalıp konsolu, döküm platformu

A bracket fixed near the top of the formwork that gives workers a guarded platform during erection and concreting. During the pour, work should be done only from these brackets. On our climbing formwork the brackets come in 85, 115, 150, 200 and 250 cm sizes.

Related page: Climbing Formwork

Crane hook (lifting hook)

Turkish: Vinç kulbu Turkish site terms: kaldırma kancası, kulp

A hook attached to formwork panels so they can be lifted by crane individually or as assembled gangs. Every lift should use at least two hooks, with the safety pins checked. With Maxiform and Lightform, gangs of up to 1.5 tonnes joined with clamps can be lifted in one go using two hooks.

Related page: Maxiform Heavy Duty Panel Formwork

Single-sided wall formwork

Turkish: Tek taraflı kalıp Turkish site terms: tek yüzlü kalıp, tek yüz perde kalıbı

Formwork used where a wall can be formed from one side only, such as walls against a neighbouring building or soil, retaining walls or waterproofed walls. Because tie rods cannot be used, concrete pressure is carried by large single-sided brace frames into anchors cast into the foundation beforehand. We supply it as Beamform-S and Maxiform-S.

Related page: Single-Sided Wall Formwork

Climbing formwork

Turkish: Tırmanır kalıp Turkish site terms: tırmanma kalıbı, konsollu kalıp

Formwork that rises lift by lift on brackets hung from anchors cast into the previous pour, allowing tall walls to be built in stages. Since it needs no props from the ground, it is used for external walls, cores and bridge piers. We supply it as Beamform-CB and Maxiform-CB.

Related page: Climbing Formwork

Climbing cone anchor (climbing anchor)

Turkish: Havuç ankraj Turkish site terms: havuç, tırmanma ankrajı, konik ankraj

In climbing formwork, the conical anchor fixed to the form before the pour and left in the concrete, to which the suspension shoe and climbing bolt are later attached. The Turkish site name "havuç" ("carrot") comes from its tapered shape. Brackets must only be hung from anchors in concrete that has reached the required strength.

Related page: Climbing Formwork

Shaft platform (lift-shaft platform)

Turkish: Şaft platformu Turkish site terms: asansör boşluğu platformu

A platform inside a lift shaft that carries the wall formwork and workers, resting on hinged pawls that seat in pockets left in the shaft walls. It is lifted to the next level in one crane lift; the pawls allow upward movement but stop it from sliding down. Supplied with our climbing formwork system.

Related page: Climbing Formwork

Circular formwork (curved wall formwork)

Turkish: Dairesel kalıp Turkish site terms: yuvarlak kalıp, eğrisel kalıp, silo kalıbı

Formwork for curved walls such as water tanks, silos, treatment basins and circular cores. Adjustable walers let the panels be set to different radii. With our Beamform-C system the panels can be re-set to a new diameter without being dismantled.

Related page: Beamform-C Circular Wall Formwork

Steel formwork

Turkish: Çelik kalıp Turkish site terms: sac kalıp, demir kalıp

Formwork whose facing and frame are both made of steel plate. It keeps its dimensions over many reuses and gives a smooth concrete finish; being heavy, it is usually handled by crane. We make Formsteel forms from 3 mm face plate and 5 mm stiffeners, robot-welded.

Related page: Formsteel Steel Formwork

Rebar formwork clamp (rapid clamp; used with a rebar tensioner)

Turkish: Çiroz (demir gergi kilidi) Turkish site terms: çiroz, kalıp kilidi, çiroz kilidi, gergi kilidi

A plate-type clamp, nailed to the formwork or ground, that tensions and locks a 6-10 mm reinforcing bar wrapped around timber formwork. The bar is pulled tight with a tensioning tool seated on the clamp and then locked by the clamp's wedge, drawing the form faces together against concrete pressure. It is mainly used on timber forms for footings, beams and columns, as an economical tie where tie rods are not used.

Release agent (form oil)

Turkish: Kalıp yağı Turkish site terms: kalıp ayırıcı, kalıp yağı

A liquid applied in a thin coat to the form face before casting to stop concrete from sticking to it. It makes striking easier and leaves a clean concrete surface; too much can stain the finish. Form faces should be cleaned and oiled before every use.

Related page: Formsteel Steel Formwork

Planks, squared timber and battens

Turkish: Kalas, kadron, çıta Turkish site terms: kalas, kadron, lata, çıta

Timber used as an auxiliary material in formwork and scaffolding: planks are wide, thick boards (for example 5 × 20 cm), squared timber has a square or rectangular heavy section, and battens are thin, long strips. They serve as guides, sole boards, fillers and packing during formwork assembly.

Scaffold tube

Turkish: İskele borusu Turkish site terms: boru, 48'lik boru

Steel tube with a standard outside diameter of 48.3 mm, used throughout scaffolding and formwork systems. This common diameter lets couplers fit many different members. Loose tubes for tube-and-coupler scaffolding are covered by EN 39; our system scaffolds use TSE-certified tube.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: TS EN 39 (loose steel tubes for tube and coupler scaffolds)

Coupler (scaffold clamp)

Turkish: Kelepçe Turkish site terms: sabit kelepçe, fırdöndü (döner) kelepçe, ek kelepçesi (manşon)

A bolted or wedged forged/pressed steel fitting that joins two scaffold tubes. A right-angle coupler connects tubes at 90°, a swivel coupler at any angle, and a sleeve coupler joins two tubes end to end. In system scaffolds couplers are also used for tie tubes and extra bracing.

Source: TS EN 74-1 (couplers, spigot pins and base plates)

Pin and R-clip (spigot pin, safety clip)

Turkish: Pim ve firkete Turkish site terms: pim, firkete, emniyet pimi, çatal pim

A steel pin that locks members together and a spring wire clip (R-clip) that stops the pin from falling out. When the vertical joints of a stair tower are pinned and clipped, the tower can be lifted by crane in sections. The coarse-adjustment pin of a telescopic prop belongs to the same family.

Related page: Ringscaff-ST Stair Tower

Concrete screw (screw anchor; widely known as Multi-Monti)

Turkish: Beton vidası (Multi-Monti) Turkish site terms: Multi-Monti, beton vidası, dübelsiz vida

A screw anchor driven straight into a pre-drilled hole in concrete without a plug, its thread cutting its own path. Installation is simple: drill, then screw in, with no plug needed. Its biggest advantage is that it can be removed and reused many times, which makes it the usual way of fixing temporary systems to concrete. We use concrete screws wherever our systems are fixed to concrete, for example formwork push-pull props, Borderline edge-protection posts, Safenet brackets and Liftline platforms. It is widely known on sites, in Turkey and abroad, by the trade name Multi-Monti, which has become almost generic.

Related page: Borderline Temporary Edge Protection, Safenet Safety Net Fan

Guardrail (top rail, mid rail)

Turkish: Korkuluk Turkish site terms: ana korkuluk, ara korkuluk, yan koruma

Side protection fitted along the open edges of a working platform to stop people from falling. Under Turkish regulations, the top of the main guardrail on a facade scaffold must be at least 1 m above the platform; one or more intermediate rails or a mesh must be fitted between the guardrail and the toe board, and no opening may let a 47 cm diameter sphere through.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 18-19

Toe board

Turkish: Tekmelik (topuk levhası) Turkish site terms: topukluk, topuk levhası, etek tahtası

A vertical board standing on the edge of the platform that stops tools, materials or a foot from sliding off. Turkish regulations require the top of the toe board to be at least 15 cm above the platform and fitted tight to it, both on facade scaffolds and on temporary edge protection. Our facade scaffolds have toe boards at every working level.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 18(c); Annex 5 (B) item 19(b)

Temporary edge protection

Turkish: Geçici kenar koruma Turkish site terms: kenar korkuluğu, döşeme korkuluğu, şantiye korkuluğu

A reusable guardrail system that prevents falls at slab edges, stair and lift openings and formwork areas during construction. Turkish regulations require systems certified to EN 13374, inspected after installation and at least once a week. Our Borderline system is certified to EN 13374.

Related page: Borderline Temporary Edge Protection Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (B) item 1, 4, 7

Safety net

Turkish: Güvenlik ağı Turkish site terms: koruma ağı, düşme ağı

A collective protection measure that catches a falling person or object and reduces the consequences of a fall where falls cannot be prevented by other means. Turkish regulations require nets certified to EN 1263-1, installed in accordance with EN 1263-2, with the test mesh tested once a year. A net must never be used as a working platform or for storage.

Related page: Safenet Safety Net Fan Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (D) item 1, 3, 7, 9

Safety net fan (catch fan, net bracket)

Turkish: Güvenlik ağı konsolu Turkish site terms: ağ konsolu, yakalama konsolu

A system of steel arms projecting from the building face with a net stretched between them, catching people and objects falling from above. Turkish regulations require bracket-mounted nets (System T) to have a catching width of at least 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 m depending on the fall height, and overlaps of at least 0.75 m. Our Safenet brackets project 4 m from the facade and are installed with at least 75 cm overlap.

Related page: Safenet Safety Net Fan Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (D) item 19(c), 22(a)

Lifeline (anchor line)

Turkish: Yaşam hattı Turkish site terms: yaşam halatı, ankraj hattı

A rope, wire or rail tensioned horizontally or vertically, to which a worker wearing a harness is attached. It is used together with personal protective equipment where collective protection is not possible or not sufficient. Guardrails, service pipes and other weak points must never be used as anchor points.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (Ç) item 1, 2, 6 (EN 353-1/-2, EN 795)

Scaffold inspection

Turkish: İskele kontrolü Turkish site terms: iskele denetimi, iskele kartı/etiketi (uygulama)

Checking and recording, by a competent person appointed by the employer, that a scaffold is safe to use. Under Turkish regulations it is required before first use, at least once a week, after any alteration, after a period out of use, and after earthquakes, strong winds or similar events; work is allowed only on scaffolds found safe. The coloured scaffold tags common on sites are a good practice, but their colours are not defined in the regulation.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 10

Scaffolder (certified scaffold erector)

Turkish: İskele Kurulum Elemanı (mesleki yeterlilik) Turkish site terms: iskeleci, iskele montajcısı

A person who erects and dismantles scaffolds, certified under the national Scaffold Erector (Level 3) qualification of Turkey's Vocational Qualifications Authority (MYK). Certification requires passing exams in occupational health and safety and general scaffold erection. Erection and dismantling must follow the erection-use-dismantling plan and the manufacturer's instructions.

Source: MYK national qualification 12UY0056-3 (occupational standard 11UMS0158-3)

Earthing / grounding of scaffolds

Turkish: Topraklama (iskele) Turkish site terms: iskele topraklaması

Connecting steel and aluminium scaffolds to earth as protection against lightning and stray currents. Turkish regulations require such scaffolds to be properly earthed, with each independent scaffold earthed separately. The clearance to power lines must also be stated in the erection plan.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 7(c) and 14

Load class (service load class)

Turkish: Yük sınıfı Turkish site terms: iskele sınıfı

A class stating the uniformly distributed load that can safely be placed on a working scaffold's deck. EN 12811-1 defines six classes: 1 = 0.75, 2 = 1.5, 3 = 2.0, 4 = 3.0, 5 = 4.5 and 6 = 6.0 kN/m². Class 1 is only for inspection work, while class 4 and above are for heavy work such as bricklaying or storing materials. Ringscaff and Safescaff are designed for load class 4 (3.00 kN/m²).

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding Source: TS EN 12811-1 Table 3; values checked against DGUV Information 201-011 (section 6). Regulation Annex 5 (A) item 11: the load class sign must be displayed on the scaffold

Width class (W06, W09 ...)

Turkish: Genişlik sınıfı Turkish site terms: platform genişliği

A class giving the clear width of the working platform. Under EN 12811-1, W06 = 0.6-0.9 m, W09 = 0.9-1.2 m, W12 = 1.2-1.5 m, continuing in 0.3 m steps up to W24 (≥ 2.4 m). For load classes 4-6 where materials are put down on the deck, at least W09 is recommended.

Source: TS EN 12811-1 Table 1; DGUV Information 201-011 section 6

EN 12810 - Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components

Turkish: TS EN 12810 Turkish site terms: -

The standard setting the product specifications (Part 1) and particular structural design methods (Part 2) for facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components. In Turkey, prefabricated facade scaffolds used on construction sites must hold a certificate of conformity to TS EN 12810-1. Ringscaff and Safescaff are TSE-certified to TS EN 12810-1.

Related page: Certificates Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 1

EN 12811 - Temporary works equipment, scaffolds

Turkish: TS EN 12811 Turkish site terms: -

The series giving general performance and design requirements for scaffolds (Part 1), information on materials (Part 2) and load-testing methods (Part 3). Load and width classes, side protection and deck rules are defined here. Turkish regulations forbid any material or component that does not meet EN 12810 and EN 12811 from being used in a facade scaffold.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 4

EN 12812 - Falsework

Turkish: TS EN 12812 Turkish site terms: -

The standard setting performance requirements and general design rules for falsework, the temporary structures that carry formwork during concreting. Whatever system it is built from, falsework design is assessed within this framework.

Related page: Props and Shoring Systems Source: TS EN 12812

EN 12813 - Load-bearing towers of prefabricated components

Turkish: TS EN 12813 Turkish site terms: -

The standard setting the particular methods of structural design for load-bearing towers built from prefabricated components, such as shoring towers. Tableframe, Towerframe, and Ringscaff when used as shoring, are TSE-certified to TS EN 12813.

Related page: Tableframe Heavy Duty Shoring Tower Source: TS EN 12813

EN 1065 - Adjustable telescopic steel props

Turkish: TS EN 1065 Turkish site terms: -

The standard covering product specifications, design and assessment by calculation and test for adjustable telescopic steel props; it divides props into five strength classes (A to E). Our Proslab props are TSE-certified to TS EN 1065.

Related page: Proslab Steel Props Source: TS EN 1065

EN 1004 - Mobile access and working towers

Turkish: TS EN 1004 Turkish site terms: -

The standard setting materials, dimensions, design loads and safety requirements for mobile access and working towers made of prefabricated elements. Platform loads of 1.5 kN/m² (class 2) and 2.0 kN/m² (class 3) are used. Our mobile towers are developed in line with this standard and can be built up to 12 m indoors and 8 m outdoors.

Related page: Mobile Scaffold Tower Source: TS EN 1004

EN 13374 - Temporary edge protection systems

Turkish: TS EN 13374 Turkish site terms: -

The standard dividing temporary edge protection into three classes (A, B, C) and setting test methods. Under Turkish regulations, class A is used where the working surface slopes less than 10°; class B up to 30° (or up to 60° if the fall height is under 2 m); and class C for 30°-45° (or up to 60° if the fall height is under 5 m). Borderline is certified to EN 13374.

Related page: Borderline Temporary Edge Protection Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (B) item 10-14

EN 1263 - Temporary works equipment, safety nets

Turkish: TS EN 1263 Turkish site terms: -

The standard giving safety requirements and test methods for safety nets (Part 1) and their installation limits (Part 2). It defines four system types: S (horizontal net with border rope), T (horizontal net on brackets), U (vertical net on a supporting frame) and V (net hung from gallows-type supports). The net used in our Safenet system complies with EN 1263.

Related page: Safenet Safety Net Fan Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (D) item 1, 12-14

EN 13377 - Prefabricated timber formwork beams

Turkish: EN 13377 Turkish site terms: -

The standard setting requirements, classification and assessment methods for prefabricated timber formwork beams, covering beams 16, 20 and 24 cm deep. The manufacturer of the H20 beam we supply holds an externally audited certificate to this standard.

Related page: H20 Timber Beam (HT 20plus) Source: EN 13377; manufacturer's certificate

EN 74 (couplers, spigot pins, base plates) and EN 39 (loose steel tubes)

Turkish: TS EN 74 ve TS EN 39 Turkish site terms: -

The two core standards for tube-and-coupler scaffolding: EN 74 covers couplers, spigot pins and base plates, and EN 39 covers the loose steel tubes used in such scaffolds. Couplers and tubes meeting these standards are also used for ties and extra bracing on system scaffolds.

Source: TS EN 74-1; TS EN 39

Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work

Turkish: Yapı İşlerinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetmeliği Turkish site terms: yapı işleri yönetmeliği

The Turkish regulation governing occupational health and safety on construction sites, issued under Law No. 6331 (Official Gazette 5 Oct 2013, No. 28786). Annex 5, added on 31 Dec 2018, sets minimum requirements and the applicable EN standards for facade scaffolds, temporary edge protection, mast-climbing work platforms, lifelines and safety nets. The regulatory values in this glossary are taken from that text.

Source: RG 05.10.2013/28786; RG 31.12.2018/30642 (4. repeat) Annex 5

Ringlock scaffolding (allround-type, multidirectional scaffolding)

Turkish: Flanşlı iskele (ringlock) Turkish site terms: rozetli iskele, ringlock iskele, modüler iskele

A modular scaffold in which ledgers and braces are wedged into rosettes welded to the standards at regular intervals. Because up to eight members can connect at different angles at one node, it suits curved, stepped and complex shapes, and it works both as an access scaffold and as shoring. Our Ringscaff system is of this type.

Related page: Ringscaff Ringlock Scaffolding

H frame scaffolding (frame scaffolding)

Turkish: H tipi iskele (çerçeveli iskele) Turkish site terms: H iskele, çerçeveli iskele, geçmeli iskele, güvenlikli iskele

A facade scaffold built by stacking ready-welded H frames and tying them with ledgers and braces. With few parts and simple assembly it is one of the fastest scaffolds to erect on flat facades; on complex shapes ringlock comes into its own. Our Safescaff system is of this type.

Related page: Safescaff H Frame Facade Scaffolding

Cuplock scaffolding

Turkish: Fincanlı (cuplock) iskele Turkish site terms: cuplock iskele, fincanlı sistem

A modular scaffold in which ledger blades are clamped between a fixed bottom cup and a sliding top cup on each standard. The joint is locked with a single hammer blow; no wedges, bolts or couplers are needed. It is particularly economical for flat, repetitive slab shoring; we offer our Cupframe system as a shoring solution.

Related page: Cupframe Cuplock Scaffolding

Sleeve-type shoring frame (frame shoring)

Turkish: Kovanlı iskele Turkish site terms: kovanlı kalıp altı iskele, H tipi kalıp altı iskele

Shoring built by slotting light H modules onto a sleeved base frame, each row at right angles to the one below. It needs no wedges or couplers, the parts are light enough to carry by hand, and towers can be joined and moved by crane in one piece. Our Towerframe system is of this type, with H modules weighing only 6.8-7.4 kg.

Related page: Towerframe Shoring Frame

Heavy-duty shoring tower (frame tower)

Turkish: Masa iskele Turkish site terms: masa tipi iskele, ağır yük iskelesi

High-capacity shoring built from large prefabricated frames tied with braces and ledgers and set to height with screw jacks. It is preferred for high soffits, thick slabs, bridge decks and industrial structures. Each leg of our Tableframe frames carries up to 55 kN.

Related page: Tableframe Heavy Duty Shoring Tower

Tube-and-coupler scaffolding (tube and fitting)

Turkish: Boru-kelepçe iskele Turkish site terms: borulu iskele, kelepçeli iskele

Traditional scaffolding made by joining loose steel tubes with couplers at any point and angle. It fits any shape, but every joint is tightened by hand, so erection is slow and quality depends heavily on the crew. Today it is mostly used for additions and bracing on system scaffolds.

Source: TS EN 39; TS EN 74-1

Mobile scaffold tower (mobile access tower)

Turkish: Mobil iskele Turkish site terms: tekerlekli iskele, seyyar iskele; yönetmelikte "seyyar erişim ve çalışma kulesi"

A free-standing work tower on braked castors, pushed to the next position without dismantling. Under Turkish regulations it must never be moved with anyone on it, must be kept plumb with a level platform, and its legs must have brakes that prevent unintended movement. We make our mobile towers in galvanized steel in ringlock (Ringscaff-M) and H-frame (Safescaff-M) versions.

Related page: Mobile Scaffold Tower Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 4 (B) item 36 (31.12.2018 amendmentyle); TS EN 1004

Stair tower (scaffold stair access tower)

Turkish: Merdiven kulesi Turkish site terms: şantiye merdiveni, merdivenli iskele, erişim kulesi

A temporary stair built from scaffold components so workers can safely reach high levels, formwork decks or deep excavations. Guarded stairs give much safer and faster access than vertical ladders. Our Ringscaff-ST Stair Tower is built from ringlock components and can be moved by crane in sections.

Related page: Ringscaff-ST Stair Tower

Loading platform (material landing platform)

Turkish: Malzeme çıkartma konsolu Turkish site terms: yükleme platformu, vinç platformu, konsol platform

A temporary platform projecting from the facade so that a tower crane can land materials directly on a floor or pick them up from it. It is wedged between slabs with screw jacks and moved from floor to floor by crane. Our Liftline platform has a standard capacity of 2.0 t over 9 m² and can be designed for other capacities on request.

Timber scaffold

Turkish: Ahşap iskele Turkish site terms: tahta iskele

A traditional scaffold with load-bearing members made of timber. Under Turkish regulations, timber facade scaffolds must comply with TS 13662 and may not be used where the scaffold height exceeds 13.5 m. Steel system scaffolds remove this height limit and the moisture, rot and fire weaknesses of timber.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (A) item 2

Suspended platform (suspended access equipment, cradle)

Turkish: Asma iskele Turkish site terms: cephe sepeti, asılı platform

A working platform suspended on wire ropes from the roof or structure and raised and lowered by hoist. It is used for glazing, painting and maintenance on tall facades where a ground-based scaffold is impractical. Turkish regulations cover it under "suspended access equipment"; this is not a product we make.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 4 (B) "Special measures for suspended access equipment" (31.12.2018 amendment); product standard TS EN 1808

Mast-climbing work platform (MCWP)

Turkish: Sütunlu çalışma platformu Turkish site terms: cephe platformu, sütunlu platform

A powered work platform that climbs up and down one or two masts tied to the building, driven by a rack and pinion. Turkish regulations require these platforms to hold a certificate of conformity to EN 1495+A2, with guardrails at least 110 cm high and 15 cm toe boards on their edges. This is not a product we make; it is an alternative to scaffolding for tall facades.

Source: Turkish Regulation on Health and Safety in Construction Work Annex 5 (C) item 1 and 26